![carnatic music instrumental violin carnatic music instrumental violin](https://englert.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Carnatic-Rising-Stars-web.jpg)
While the former is practiced in the southern part of India, its counterpart is practiced in the northern regions of India. Indian classical music can be categorized into the Carnatic and the Hindustani styles. There is paucity of research using Indian classical music stimuli (vocal and instrumental). Further, synthesized stimuli have been used more commonly. Majority of research carried out on FFR using music stimuli are being restricted to the western musical instruments such as cello notes. Likewise, musicians also show better representation of F0 for speech sounds, non native linguistic F0 contours and emotionally salient vocal sounds when compared with non-musicians.
![carnatic music instrumental violin carnatic music instrumental violin](https://raaga.gumlet.io/raagaimg/r_img/catalog/is/{42446885-e488-4c9f-8f9d-8f1510208d5b}.jpg)
Studies have shown that native mandarin speakers have better representation of F0 probably as a result of them requiring to use F0 contour for lexical representation in everyday situations. FFR’s have been recorded in literature using pure tones and masked tones, English and Mandarin speech syllables, words, musical notes, and emotionally valent vocal sounds.
![carnatic music instrumental violin carnatic music instrumental violin](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/K4kpfQccMYg/maxresdefault.jpg)
Therefore, comparison of the frequency components of the stimulus to that of FFR is possible. In order to study this mechanism, the frequency following response (FFR) provides a reliable and objective method by preserving the spectral and temporal aspects of the original stimulus such as the fundamental frequency (F0). Encoding of complex signals such as music and speech at the brainstem level are affected by listener’s experience, perceptual ability and linguistic experience.